Society Essays - Social Philosophy, Metaphysics, Autonomy, Will

Society What does man owe society? I think man owes society a great deal of things. We owe society our regard for the laws the majority of all. We ought to comply with all the laws the administration has given regardless of whether we believe they're not to our benefit. In the event that everybody would simply comply with the laws, this general public would be near great. The laws are there for an explanation, so individuals ought to obey them which is as it should be. Something else man owes society is the information that he learns all through his life. Man learns a great deal of things during his life, and these things scholarly ought to be passed down starting with one age then onto the next. This applies to individual information particularly. Something that has been learned and can help better the general public ought to be educated to everybody. No information ought to be kept down. Something else man owes society is his self reliance. Individuals shouldn't depend on society to help them except if they are genuinely needing assistance. Man should put forth a strong effort exertion to help himself. What does society owe man? One extremely significant thing society owes man is security and wellbeing. Laws are the primary concern culture gives to protect individuals from anything that may hurt them. In any case, remember, laws possibly work on the off chance that they are complied. Something else society owes is its information that has been learned through the a long time. Everybody ought to have a similar chance to realize what is accessible. Society has to give these things with the goal that they can be continued and will never be overlooked. Despite the fact that there are most likely more things that man owes society and that society owes man, I think these are the most significant. In the event that everybody would simply contribute to society and society would contribute all to man, we most likely would be more joyful throughout everyday life.

James presentation of the relationship between Catherine and Morris Essay Example For Students

James introduction of the connection among Catherine and Morris? Exposition Henry James utilizes diverse account strategies to underscore the wrongness of Morris Townsend as admirer to Catherine Sloper. James particularly utilizes story incongruity to give the peruser an away from of the kind of relationship shared by Catherine and Morris. This assists with forming the perusers judgment and reactions to their relationship. The structure of the concentrate is the primary thing that gets the perusers consideration. The various hushes delineates the absence of correspondence between the couple. At the point when discussion is made, it seems, by all accounts, to be entirely unsurprising, moving from union with guarantees of affection. Morris appears to appreciate enjoying exhibitions of love. The utilization of the word exhibition makes the peruser question the adoration that Morris appears to appear for Catherine, and makes the peruser mindful that this affection could be shallow. This is underscored by Morris holding of Catherines hand for a spell again making the peruser question his adoration. That stresses the absence of genuine correspondence and shows the absence of feeling and enthusiasm. The consistency is, in any case, broken by Catherine when she unexpectedly questions Morris love for her. This unexpectedness shows the hidden unsteadiness and uncertainty underneath the appearing perfection of the relationship. The insecurity is highlighted through the data that they have just begun their relationship five days prior. This quickness to get hitched makes the peruser question Morris themes and the genuineness of his sentiments. James just gives out that data near the finish of the entry, expanding the incongruity introduced. The exchange that happens among Catherine and Morris further expands this incongruity. Morris utilizes clichãÆ'â ©d jargon, for example, my own dearest, along these lines stressing his absence of genuine love for Catherine. Having said that, Morris is by all accounts against clichãÆ'â ©s, revealing to Catherine that she ought to be the first to address her dad instead of him, the upbeat sweetheart. The utilization of that expression puts an accentuation on his absence of feeling, as he talks by and large terms as opposed to utilizing the word I. His absence of positive thinking, it wont be a lot of utilization, in convincing Catherines father to permit him to wed her features his own questions in his suitability as Catherines spouse. Maybe it could likewise feature his absence of want to battle for Catherine. This point is highlighted by him saying that he would prefer to have effectively than need to battle for . Morris utilizes a statement with a double meaning to abstain from responding to Catherines question about his adoration for her. He transforms this inquiry into another inquiry, Can you question it? to get away from the need to reply. His entangled utilization of jargon to clarify a low thing, for example, hired soldier exhibits his longing to baffle Catherine into unquestioningly trusting him. He jabbers about not being a soldier of fortune and includes that her dad will make certain to make reference to it, driving the peruser to question whether he is wedding for affection. His prompt dismissal of Catherines offers of being rich stresses this point, as it is unreasonable to be so against cash. Catherines naivety is represented as she dismisses the possibility of him being a soldier of fortune promptly, inferring that is anything but a hired soldier. Catherines naivety is highlighted by her failure to understand the genuine idea of her sweetheart. Her guiltlessness makes her a character of basic good goodness and is utilized by James to show the complexity of this straightforward good goodness to the finesse Morris.

Effective Treatment Options for Panic Disorder

Effective Treatment Options for Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Treatment Print Effective Treatment Options for Panic Disorder By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 24, 2019 Peter Dazeley / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions Panic disorder and agoraphobia are very treatable conditions. Research has indicated that people who have been diagnosed with panic disorder can be effectively treated through medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of these two approaches. Medication There are many medications that have proven to be a safe and effective way to treat panic disorder. Medications for panic disorder fall into one of two categories: antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs. These medications can be prescribed to lessen the severity of panic attacks and reduce general feelings of anxiety. Antidepressants: As the name suggests, antidepressants were originally used to treat mood disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder. It was later found that antidepressants could help treat anxiety disorders, including panic disorder. These medications have been found to effectively decrease the intensity of panic attacks and overall anxiety. Antidepressants are also often used when a person has a co-occurring condition, such as PTSD or depression.The most commonly prescribed medications for panic disorder belong to a popular class of antidepressants known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Like all antidepressants, SSRIs affect the chemical messengers in the brain, called neurotransmitters. In particular, SSRIs target the neurotransmitter called serotonin, which is associated with mood. SSRIs help balance a person’s serotonin levels, which can then help regulate mood, decrease anxiety, and improve sleep.SSRIs are often prescribed to people with panic diso rder due to their long-term effectiveness and limited amount of side effects. Research has found that SSRIs can assist in reducing the intensity and frequency of panic attacks. Some of the most common SSRIs include Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), Paxil (paroxetine), and Celexa (citalopram).Anti-Anxiety Medications: Anti-anxiety medications, or tranquilizers, are recommended for their fast-acting relief and sedating effect. These medications slow down the central nervous system, which can cause a person to feel calmer and more relaxed. By helping a person feel less fearful and anxious, anti-anxiety medications can greatly reduce the symptoms of panic disorder.Benzodiazepines are a commonly prescribed class of anti-anxiety medication that can help reduce the severity of panic attacks. These medications have a sedative effect that can help quickly reduce panic symptoms and elicit a more relaxed state. Some of the most popular benzodiazepines include Xanax (alprazolam), Klonop in (clonazepam), Valium (diazepam), and Ativan (lorazepam). There are some risks and potential side effects associated with these medications. However, benzodiazepines have been found to be a safe and effective medication in the treatment of panic disorder. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy has also been found to effectively treat panic disorder and agoraphobia. Through psychotherapy, a mental health specialist can assist a client in working through unresolved issues and feelings. Additionally, a therapist can help a client develop healthier ways of thinking and behaving that will aid them in dealing with their panic symptoms. Panic Disorder Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Two common forms of psychotherapy for panic disorder include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy (PFPP). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that has been shown to effectively help treat panic disorder. One of the main goals of CBT is to develop coping skills by changing negative thinking patterns and unhealthy behaviors. For example, many people with panic disorder hold negative beliefs, or cognitive distortions, about themselves and the world around them. This faulty thinking often contributes to maladaptive behaviors, such as avoiding feared situations. CBT can help a person overcome negative thinking patterns and develop healthier ways to manage their condition.Desensitization is a popular CBT technique used to help people overcome the fear and anxiety that is often associated with panic attacks. Through systematic desensitization, a therapist gradually introduces the client to anxiety-provoking stimuli while teaching them how to regain control of their anxiety. Gradually, the person is introduced to more fear-inducing si tuations, learning how to manage their panic through each feared situation.Through this CBT technique, a person unlearns their fear and takes on new ways of thinking and behaving. For instance, a person who has a fear of flying will begin desensitization by working on relaxation techniques while facing a stimulus that only causes a small amount of nervousness, such as images of airplanes. They may eventually advance to more fear-inducing situations, such as going to the airport or boarding an airplane. With each situation, the person learns to manage their panic symptoms. Through continued practice, desensitization may help them overcome their fear of flying.Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP): Panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy (PFPP) is another popular therapeutic method used in the treatment of panic disorder. This form of psychotherapy aims to uncover past experiences and emotional issues that may have influenced the person’s development of panic and anxiet y. PFPP helps a client recognize suppressed and painful emotions, allowing the person to resolve these issues through the support of a qualified therapist. It is believed that by coming to terms with emotional turmoil, the client can then overcome their issues with panic disorder. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

The Metamorphosis Grete s Transformation - 1120 Words

The Metamorphosis: Grete’s Transformation Gregor Samsa appears to be the character who transfigures in the short novel called â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† but Grete, Gregor’s sister, transforms into a stronger and more independent woman throughout the predicaments in the book. After Gregor dies, a new light shines upon Grete, and her parents see her as a grown woman. The author says, â€Å"It struck both Mr. and Mrs. Samsa, almost at the same moment, as they became aware of their daughter’s increasing vivacity, that in spite of all the sorrow of recent times, which had made her cheeks pale, she had bloomed into a pretty girl with a good future†(Kafka 96). The closing words of â€Å"The Metamorphosis† prove that the whole novel is showing how the metamorphosis that takes place is referring to Gretes transformation into a stronger woman. Throughout the novel, Grete matures into having a closer relationship with her parents, being more independent, and by not revolving her world around Gregor anymore. Grete has to work closely with her parents in order to overcome the changes throughout the book. In doing this, she and her parents develop a stronger alliance. All three of them try to become acquainted with Gregor in the bug form, especially Grete; instead they all go against him which causes them all to become closer. In the â€Å"Clinical Social Work Journal,† Alexandra says â€Å"In the end, what appears to be a stable sibling-parent triangle has been established†(Kivowitz 38). Alexandra thenShow MoreRelatedThe Metamorphosis By Gregor Samsa1058 Words   |  5 PagesThe Metamorphosis is a story of the transformation of an urban family through the shocking alteration of family breadwinner, Gregor Samsa. Gregor s position profoundly changes his self-feelings as well as his relationship with his family. This change of events drastically alters the family s lifestyle and metamorphoses each member. Gregor s sister, Grete, starts with utmost admiration which stagnate s into resentment. His father starts off headstrong and grows weary. His mother s cheer turns intoRead MoreMetamorphosis By Franz Kafka s Metamorphosis1496 Words   |  6 PagesIn Franz Kafka s Metamorphosis, Grete changes from a child into an adult while also trying to do the opposite with her own family. Gregor’s metamorphosis leaves her family without anybody money to pay for their needs. Consequently, Grete replaces Gregor and begins to cook and clean for her family and go to work. These jobs allow Grete to become more experienced and to mature. Similarly, Grete shows displays these changes by dressing more provocatively and becoming more interested in romance. HoweverRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Metamorphosis 1422 Words   |  6 PagesFaerber, Hannah Lindsey, Jake Sims Mrs. De Oro Hon, English 12A Pd 3 19 October 2015 Literary Analysis Essay-Rejection When individuals are rejected by family and society, they tend to feel abandoned and unloved. In Franz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, Gregor’s transformation into a â€Å"monstrous vermin† (Kafka 1) results in him being psychologically and even physically abused by his family. Rejection from his mother, sister, and father leave Gregor feeling unwanted and feeling as if he is a terrible burdenRead MoreIn Franz Kafka’S â€Å"The Metamorphosis† Gregor Samsa Dreads1576 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Metamorphosis† Gregor Samsa dreads his daily grinding of working as a traveling salesman in order to provide for his family. Gregor endures the burden of carrying the financial responsibility of taking care of his family. While his family enjoys the fruit of his labors and live comfortably because of him. Gregor is not allowed to live for himself, this suppresses him into a shell. The family’s lack of appreciation for Gregor leads to his physical change which is his first metamorphosis. ThisRead MoreExistentialism By Frank Kafk Isolation And Desperation1207 Words   |  5 Pagesshort stories; one of which includes The Metamorphosis. His distinguishing philosophy of existentialism consists of two main concepts: isolation and desperation. The notion of alienation is a fundamental theme that is condensed throughout the short story. Gregor Samsa, main character and protagonist of The Metamorphosis, goes through a complete physical transfiguration that establishes the principle framework of the novel. In addition to Gregor’s metamorphosis, Kafka’s existentialism is enforced toRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1301 Words   |  6 PagesFranz Kafka’s story â€Å"The Metamorphosis† is one of the most famous novellas of twentieth-century literature. It was published in 1915 and is among his best known works. At first, the story seems to be confusing, but towards the end, we can see the true meani ng of the tale. The story is about Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman who lives in an apartment in Prague with his family - his mother, father, and sister - Grete. The story begins with Gregor Samsa â€Å"found himself transformed in his bad into aRead MoreThe Metamorphosis Is About A Traveling Salesman Gregor Samsa1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe Metamorphosis The Metamorphosis is about a traveling salesman Gregor Samsa who was the money provider to his family, and was metaphorically transformed. When Gregor Samsa woke up one morning from unsettling dreams, he found himself changed in his bed into a monstrous vernin (Kafka 538).The transformation that happens to Gregor affects everyone else he is connected with in one way or another, and brings his family into configurations with each other. Along with Gregor’s transformation alsoRead MoreRelationship Between The Father And The Son850 Words   |  4 Pagesexpecting to accommodate her and the family, her cherishing him. At the same time, when he started to go under the metamorphosis their relationship took a wide change into a delicate and distressed, the mother is torn between her adoration for Gregor and her frightfulness at Gregor’s new state. Grete and Gregor’s father seek to shield her from the full reality of her child’s transformation. She demonstrated sympathy for him later in the story, yet soon she forgot all about him, just like the rest ofRead MoreMetamorphosis Analysis1503 Words   |  7 Pagesfaults. In his celebrated short story, Metamorphosis, Kafka explores the cruelty and exploitations of capitalism through the eyes of Gregor Samsa. ironically, he also represents capitalism to further illustrate its barbarity. Kafka’s use of irony is significant for it leaves the read ers confused and distraught, making them question the actuality of capitalism. Kafka (or Capitalism) is sympathetic to the proletariat. This includes Gregor and the charwoman whereas Grete suffers because of Kafka’s indifferenceRead MoreWhat Is Metamorphosis Or Transformation?2664 Words   |  11 PagesCHAPTER 1: What is metamorphosis or transformation? First of all we should understand what metamorphosis means – a change of the form or nature of a thing or person into a completely different one. One can just simply call it change or transformation. One can undergo different types of transformations i.e. a person can undergo physical/biological transformation, or psychological transformation, or behavioural transformation, or cultural transformation, or spiritual transformation, or some other transformations

Sony Marketing Plan - 4304 Words

SONY BRAVIA 3D HDTV  ® 2010 MARKETING AND PROMOTION PLAN ALLA ABRAMYCHEVA MICHAEL GUZMAN FARAN MAQSUD KEITH McMURDY ANDREW YAKOVLEV PREPARED FOR PROFESSOR DAVID DIAMOND MKT 9703 MARKETING MANAGEMENT CUNY BARUCH ZICKLIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 5/2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS SONY ADVANTAGE p.3 COMPANY AND PRODUCT PROFILE p.4 SWOT AND COMPETITOR ANALYSIS p.7 MARKETING PLAN OBJECTIVES p.10 CUSTOMER TARGETS AND SEGMENTS p.12 MARKET POSITIONING p.14 IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES p.16 PROMOTIONAL PLAN p.17 CONCLUSION p.19 SONY ADVANTAGE ! SonyÊ ¼s television business is uniquely positioned to thrive in todays consumer electronics marketplace. Other manufacturers have accepted the commodiï ¬ cation of their wares, focusing on price points and generic television†¦show more content†¦! PRODUCT 5 PROFILE ! Sonys 3D plans revolve around gaming, movies and sports. Sony is already working on gaming with the PlayStation 3 upgrade plans and its movies division, Sony Pictures, is already producing 3D movies. Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs will be the ï ¬ rst in the catalog of 3D movies created by Sony Pictures Entertainment to be issued on Blu-ray disc, and is scheduled for release in the summer of 2010. Other movies announced this year in 3D include Monsters vs. Aliens, and Disneys A Christmas Carol. Sony Pictures Entertainment plans to continue the release of both its latest movie titles and previous masterpieces on 3D Blu-ray discs going forward. ! The excitement of sports is also suited to the dynamic realism of 3D, and this is another area in which Sony is concentrating its 3D efforts. Through an alliance with ESPN, the largest sports broadcaster in the U.S., Sony will cooperate in the 3D ï ¬ lming of sports events including X Games and College Football to deliver the full impact and excitement of 3D sports broadcasts. Sony is also driving the growth of 3D in sports such as golf and football through its previously announced 3D agreements with FIFA and the PGA Tour. ! Discovery Communications, Sony Corporation and IMAX Corporation announced a joint venture to be established to develop the ï ¬ rst dedicated 3D television network in the U.S. The partnership brings together threeShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan for Sony3117 Words   |  13 PagesMarketing Plan of Sony Company for the Next One and Three Years Name: Lecturer: Course: Institution: Date: Marketing Plan of Sony Company for the Next One and Three Years Introduction Sony Company is a Japanese multinational corporation. Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita are the founders of the company, in late 1945. The corporation is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It is among the leading electronic products manufacturers for consumer products. The company manufactures varied consumer electronicsRead MoreSony Vaio Marketing Plan3281 Words   |  14 Pages 4.3 Social Factors: 5 4.4 Technological factors: 5 5.0 SWOT Analysis: 6 5.1 Strengths: 6 5.2 Weaknesses: 6 5.3 Opportunities: 7 5.4 Threats: 7 6.0 Marketing Strategy 7 6.1 Mission: 7 6.2 Marketing Objectives 8 6.3 The First year Objectives: 8 6.4 Target Market - Asian Market: 8 6.5 Positioning: 9 7.0 Marketing Mix: 9 7.1 Product: 9 7.2 Price: 10 7.3 Place: 10 7.4 Promotion: 11 7.5 Current Trend: 11 8.0 Financial Analysis: 12 9.0 Conclusion: 12 10.0 References:Read MoreSony Marketing Plan Essay example3423 Words   |  14 PagesThreats†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Marketing Opportunity Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Marketing Plan Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 Target Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Competitive Benefits†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Positioning Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 Promotional Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Gaming Conferences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Online Promotion and Advertising†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Beta Release for Critics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 Product Marketing and Cost†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 Read MoreMarketing Plan- Sony Playstation 31992 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Marketing Plan Project: Sony Playstation 3 Planned Designed for (Present- End of 2013) MKTG-3103-01 Fall Semester 2012 Submitted to: Richard Brand FVSU Executive Summary This marketing plan is over the Sony Playstation 3 (PS3). The Playstation 3 is a six year old video game system, and one of the top 3 gaming consoles along with Nintendo’s Wii and Microsoft’s Xbox. Sony Table of Contents Introduction SituationalRead MoreSwot Analysis : Marketing Planning1708 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing planning is the process that enterprises focus on customers’ needs, organize various business activities, through concerted mutual product strategy, pricing strategy, promotion strategy and placing strategy to provide customers with satisfactory goods and services, and then achieve business goals (Piercy Morgan, 1994). Some scholars think that adopting benchmarking in marketing planning is easier to lead imitation. Enterprises tend to set competitor s marketing activities as templatesRead MoreVizio Marketing Strategy1178 Words   |  5 Pagesfor televisions had been mainly dominated by monster brand names such as Panasonic, Sony, Samsung and many others, and also taking in consideration the fact that VIZIO was a relatively new brand , the Company had to use a good marketing plan to gain entry on the already crowded market. To get an advantage in the market, VIZIO decided that an appro ach based on price would be the best approach. Based on this marketing strategy, they knew that in order to have access to a wider range of customers, theyRead MorePoundland Analysis Essays3885 Words   |  16 PagesSouth Thames College of London Strategic Marketing Management Unit 7 (CH004/TF9BA) Assignment Submission Document LIONEL BRICE MOCHE Read MoreMarketing Agency Business Plan4525 Words   |  19 PagesExecutive Summary: OnSite Marketing, Inc. (OMI) aims to provide advertising, marketing, and public relations services to targeted business environments in the Automotive Aftermarket industry.  OMI intends to leverage the thirty plus years that co-owner Steve Crain has in the automotive arena, especially as it related to his position as the Director of Marketing for SEMA (Specialty Equipment Market Association) where he helped SEMA, the non-profit organization that is the core of the AutomotiveRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management Essay7428 Words   |  30 Pagesprovide the following ) 1.1 Discuss the role of strategic marketing in an organization. For AC1.1, learners need to show that they understand the difference between strategic and tactical marketing. They need to use established models and definitions to develop theirdiscussion. 1.2 Explain the processes involved in strategic marketing. For AC1.2, learners will be expected to understand and explain the processes involved in strategic marketing. This will involve looking at a range of processes andRead MoreMacdonald3085 Words   |  13 Pages11 Strategic Marketing Management McDonald s Muhammad Anas Assignment Strategic Marketing Management Submitted To: Sir Muhammad Touseef Submitted By: Muhammad Osama Student ID 206990 Awarding Body: Edexcel West London School of Management and Technology Acknowledgement I am grateful to God who gives me ability to do this hard task. And on accomplish of this task successfully. I feel much obliged to my parents, whose prayers and good wishes have enabled me to reach this stage

Research Methodology, Design and Process Dementia Care Free Essays

string(37) " improve nursing practice in the UK\." Abstract The ability to critically analyse literature is an important skill for evidence-based practice. This literature review aimed to critically analysed literature on dementia care. A search of literature was conducted on academic databases such as Pubmed and CINAHL. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Methodology, Design and Process: Dementia Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now Three studies were finally retrieved for this literature review. Each of these studies was critiqued using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool for qualitative studies and the critiquing framework of Long et al. (2002). Findings of this literature review could be used to inform current and future community nursing practice. Specifically, this review revealed that music therapy could improve the mood of individuals with dementia and show evidence in improving memory function. While findings could not be applicable to a wider population, nurses could utilise findings and tailor these to the individual needs of their patients. Introduction Evidence-based practice (EBP) is heavily promoted in the NHS since this helps nurses and other healthcare practitioners apply findings of recently published literature to one’s current and future practice. The Nursing and Midwifery Council’s (NMC, 2008) code of conduct also emphasises that healthcare decisions should be evidence-based and supported by published literature and current guidelines. Developing the ability to critically analyse literature is essential when developing evidence-based care (Greenhalgh, 2010; Aveyard, 2014). There is a wealth of information from published literature and current guidelines. Determining the relevance and quality of these findings will help inform nurses whether findings are credible and valid before they are applied to current practice. As part of community nursing, I am interested in improving my current practice in order to deliver quality care to my patients. The recent policy on community care from the Department of Health (2013a) emphasises the importance of allowing patients with chronic conditions and their carers to self-manage their conditions, achieve self-efficacy and lessen admissions in hospital settings. This policy, â€Å"Care in Local Communities-District Nurse Vision and Model’ (Department of Health, 2013a) emphasises the role of nurses in supporting patients and their carers to improve their health outcomes. While it is acknowledged that patients with chronic illnesses may never recover from their condition, nurses have the responsibility to help patients or their carers manage signs and symptoms of the chronic illness. As a nurse in community setting, I have cared for patients with dementia. I saw how this condition impacts the patient’s quality of life and even increase the risk of depression amongst their carers (Talbot and Verrinder, 2009). I always had an interest in caring for patients with dementia. However, I noticed that most pharmacologic treatments have little effect in delaying the progression of cognitive impairments amongst these patients (Miller, 2009). These treatments are also costly and place a considerable burden on the family members and the NHS (Department of Health, 2013b). Hence, I thought that familiarising myself with non-pharmacologic interventions and their effects on cognition or memory of the patient would be important in my role as a community nurse. A number of non-pharmacologic interventions to preserve memory or delay cognitive decline have been developed in the last two decades. Studies (Spector et al., 2010; Hansen et al., 2006; Vink et al., 2004; Teri et al., 2003) show that these interventions range from motor stimulation, exercise programmes, sensory stimulation and cognitive training. Amongst these interventions, music therapy has been suggested to be least harmful and relatively effective. Some investigators (Fornazzari et al., 2006; Cuddy and Duffin, 2005) have shown that even in patients with severe dementia, music memory seemed to be preserved. However, some studies (Menard and Belleville, 2009; Baird and Samsom, 2009) suggest otherwise and explain that some patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suffer from impaired music memory. One study (Baird and Samson, 2009) however, explained that procedural memory, specifically for musical stimuli are not affected in persons with dementia. With the acknowledgement tha t most pharmacologic interventions have limited ability to treat the symptoms associated with dementia, it is essential to consider how non-pharmacologic interventions, such as music therapy, alleviate symptoms of this condition. In order to enhance my current and future nursing practice and to increase my understanding on the relevance of music therapy to dementia care, I have decided to research this topic further. Literature Search A search of literature from academic databases such as the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Pubmed was done to retrieve relevant studies. CINAHL indexes more than 5,000 nursing and allied health sciences journals and contains almost 4 million citations. The depth of research articles indexed in this database makes it a database of choice for research on the effects of music therapy on patients suffering from dementia. Meanwhile, Pubmed was also used to search for academic literature. This database also contains millions of citations and indexes nursing and allied health journals. A quick search for ‘music therapy AND dementia’ was done in Pubmed since this database focuses on nursing and allied health journals. This search yielded 20 articles, most of which were available as full text journals. The same keywords were entered in the CINAHL database. The search yielded 14 articles, with almost all articles available as full text articles. A review of the abstracts of all articles was done to select only primary research studies conducted in the last five years. Polit et al. (2013) state that retrieving journal articles in the last five years will ensure that the most recent evidence is used to inform current and future nursing practice. Literature older than five years old may be outdated. However, this also increases the risk of excluding landmark studies (Aveyard, 2014). For the present review, the selection of studies was only restricted to the last five years to ensure that more recent evidence on music therapy were evaluated and critiqued. The re was also no restriction on the place where the studies were conducted since dementia affects people of different ethnicities. Learning from the experiences of other nurses or healthcare practitioners on the use of music therapy for dementia patients would also help improve nursing practice in the UK. You read "Research Methodology, Design and Process: Dementia Care" in category "Essay examples" The following articles were chosen for critique and evaluation: Simmons-Stern et al. (2012) ‘Music-based memory enhancement in Alzheimer’s disease: promise and limitations’ Sakamoto et al. (2013) ‘Comparing the effects of different individualized music interventions for elderly individuals with severe dementia’, Dermot et al. (2014) ‘The importance of music for people with dementia: the perspectives of people with dementia, family carers, staff and music therapists’ As previously stated, I am interested in how music therapy could help me assist my patients delay the progression of dementia and help them and their carers self-manage the signs and symptoms of dementia. Hence, all articles are relevant my work as a community nurse. To critique these studies, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP, 2013) tool for critiquing qualitative studies was utilised. For the quantitative studies, Long et al. (2002) critiquing framework for quantitative studies was used. Both critiquing frameworks are easy to use and help researchers investigate the quality and rigour of research articles. Study 1: Simmons-Stern et al. (2012 A review of the title of the study shows that it reflected the main aim and objectives of the study. The title was concise and provided information to the readers that the study aimed to present the limitations of music-based memory enhancement as well as its possible application to nursing practice. Polit et al. (2013) emphasise the importance of creating a concise and clear title in order not to mislead readers and to inform stakeholders if the article is worth reading. A review was also done on the author’s background and shows that all had extensive background on dementia research and healthcare. This was essential since credibility of the authors’ background could increase the reliability of the findings of the study (Long et al., 2002). However, Hek and Moule (2011) emphasise that the authors’ background is not the sole criterion in assessing the credibility of the findings of the study. The abstract of the study failed to mention the type of study design used. While the abstract summarises the aims and main findings of the study, it did not follow the usual structure of an abstract in a journal article where the methodology or methods used are explicitly stated. Ellis (2010) reiterates that an abstract should provide a brief summary of the study’s background, aims and objectives, methodology, results and conclusion. Although it was difficult to determine why the researchers of this study failed to present the methodology in the abstract, readers of the study could have benefited from an abstract that states the methodology of the study. Reading of the body of the article would show that the quantitative study design was used. The study aimed to investigate the effects of music on the memory of patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, one of the diseases grouped under dementia. Simmons-Stern et al. (2012) made excellent use of literature and related findings from previous studies with the current study. Apart from the excellent use of literature, there was also a very good review of the previous studies and a gap in literature was clearly presented. Hence, the literature review of the study was well written and provided the readers with good background on why there is a need to carry out the present study. Polit et al. (2013) emphasise that a well-written review of literature should be able to provide context to the study’s aims and objectives and argue why there is a need to address the gaps in literature. Importantly, Simmons-Stern et al. (2012) avoided the use of jargon when writing the paper. Burns and Grove (2013) explain that the use of jargon should be avoided since this excludes readers of the article that have no nursing or medical background. A good paper is one that is written for a general audience and not only for a scientific community (Burns and Grove, 2013). A total of 12 participants who were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and 17 healthy controls g ave their informed consents to participate in the study. Brown (2009) states the importance of obtaining the informed consent of participants before commencing the study. This would not only protect the rights of the participants but also ensure that the nurse researchers are observing the Nursing and Midwifery Council’s (NMC, 2008) code of conduct in protecting the patients or participants from harm. Part of obtaining an informed consent is the presentation of the study’s aims and objectives, possible side effects or benefits when participating in the study (Brown, 2009). An informed consent will also ensure that debriefing is provided to the participants to avoid any harm and psychological distress to the participants (Oermann, 2010). Apart from getting the informed consent, it was also crucial that an ethics committee has evaluated and approved the study protocol. An evaluation of the study reveals that this was observed and an ethics committee approved the study. On reflection, the study has a very small sample size (n=12 experimental group; n=17 control group). This would have taken a randomised controlled study design since a control group was used to compare the effects of music therapy on the patients with a healthy control. However, the investigators specifically state that this study was comparative. An inclusion and exclusion criteria were used when recruiting the patients, suggesting that participants were not randomly selected. Since the study was quantitative and employed the experimental study design, random sampling of the participants who have been more applicable (Crookes and Davies, 2004). It should be noted that it would also be difficult to randomise participants since this study was only conduc ted in one healthcare setting and it was crucial that participants have developed AD. While randomisation of participants was not observed, it is noteworthy that the investigators stated how many of the participants were excluded from the study and the reasons of their exclusion. This was essential since failure to explain why participants who gave their informed consents to participate in the study but were later excluded in the actual experiment would make the data collection process unclear (Moule and Goodman, 2009). Despite the small sample size, the demographic characteristics of the two groups were not significantly different when t-test was done. There were no significant differences in prior musical training, formal or informal, years of education and age between the participants of the two groups. This allowed the investigators to determine if there were differences after the study, this might have been due to the intervention employed. After informed consents were taken, the authors of the study declared that they paid the participants for the hours spent during the study. Compensating the participants for the time is considered as ethical since considerable time has been taken away from the subjects for their participation in the study (Hek and Moule, 2011). The interventions were clearly stated. This increased the rigour of the study since a clearly stated research method would help other investigators replicate the methods in future studies and verify whether similar findings are obtain ed (Hek and Moule, 2011). Simmons-Stern et al. (2012) also specifically outlined the lyrics used and where these were obtained and how music memory of the participants was tested. Results section of the study clearly presented the main findings of the study. Appropriate statistical tests were also utilised to test the hypotheses of the research. Polit et al. (2013) emphasise that statistical tests should be appropriate to the study’s aims and objectives and should rule out any biases in interpretation of the findings. Despite having a small sample size, the researchers were able to establish that music in patients with AD enhances memory in terms of familiarisation of sung lyrics but not in spoken stimuli. This suggests that in patients with AD, they can enhance their memory when familiarising with the lyrics or listening to music but not when they hear spoken language. There were also no significant differences in the healthy control and experimental groups in terms of memory after hearing the lyrics of a song compared to hearing the lyrics as a spoken stimuli. Since this study has a small sample size, the applicability of the findings to a larger and more heterogeneous population would be difficult (Burns and Grove, 2013). Although a control was used, it should be noted that participants in the experimental group are in the early stages of AD. This could have affected the findings of the study since it is unclear if patients with severe dementia would also yield similar reactions and results. At present, the findings are applicable to the sample population of the study and importantly, only on individuals in the early stages of dementia. While there were several limitations of the study, findings are noteworthy since these show that music therapy is promising as a non-pharmacologic intervention for enhancing memory in individuals with early stage dementia. The conclusion of the study was clearly presented and summarises the key points presented in the study. Although the discussion states future areas of study, there were no clear recommendations in the conclusion. Specific recommendations could have been made at the end to help future researchers identify areas of investigation. There were also no implications for future nursing and other healthcare practitioners’ practices. Despite the lack of clear recommendations, readers can still read through the study and identify areas that need further investigation. For example, there is a need to replicate the study in a larger and randomly selected sample population to strengthen the validity and reliability of the findings. There is also a need to compare findings with patients suffering from moderate to severe dementia to determine if music still has similar effects on the memory of those in advanced stages of the illness. There are a number of implications of the study in nursing practice. Nurses can use music to help enhance memory or prevent deterioration of memory amongst individuals with early stages of the disease. It is essential to consider the acceptability of music therapy in those suffering from dementia. As a whole, the study was of high quality and effort was made to reduce bias within the study. Although the investigators failed to blind assessors to the study, findings were presented objectively. It is also difficult to blind assessors because of the very small sample size (Burns and Grove, 2013). All investigators were familiar with the background of the participants and blinding them to the intervention was difficult since these investigators were also responsible in implementing the interventions. Finally, there were no conflicts of interest (Polit et al., 2013), ensuring the readers that bias in presentation of findings was avoided. Study 2: Sakamoto et al. (2013) An evaluation of the study’s title reveals that it was concise and clearly reflects the study’s aims and objectives. This was essential (Long et al., 2002) since this would present to the readers the main aim of the study. The type of study design chosen to answer the study’s aims was also appropriate. A quantitative study design would help investigators answer the research aims and objectives through experimentation, surveys or a randomised controlled trial (RCT) (Brown, 2009). In Sakamoto et al. (2013), the randomised controlled study design was used. Compared to other quantitative study designs, a RCT reduces risk of selection bias and bias in interpretation of findings (Moule and Goodman, 2009). Selection bias occurs when participants are not randomly selected and do no have equal chances of being assigned to a control or experimental groups (Crookes and Davies, 2004). This is avoided in RCT since all participants are randomly assigned to an experimental or c ontrol group. On the other hand, bias in interpretation of findings is lessened especially if investigators and assessors are blinded to the interventions and standard treatment (Oermann, 2010). A critical analysis of the study shows all participants in the study were randomly assigned to the treatment and standard care groups. However, a major limitation of this study was its relatively small sample size (n=39). It would be difficult to transfer findings to a larger and more heterogeneous group due to the representativeness of the sample population (Ellis, 2010). While it is difficult to transfer findings to other settings due to the relatively small sample size, community nurses may consider the applicability of the findings to their own practice. It is noteworthy that it would be difficult to recruit participants in the advanced stages of dementia since their ability to give their informed consent is severely limited (Department of Health, 2009). Further, their participation requires that their carers or immediate family members are aware of the study’s aims and objectives and should be able to assist the participants during the the study. While an ethics board app roved the study and informed consents were taken from the respondents or their representatives (Burns and Grove, 2013), involving individuals who suffer from severe cognitive impairment would be difficult. This also carries some ethical issues since their ability to understand the procedures of the study is compromised (Hek and Moule, 2011). Although the Mental Health Act in the UK acknowledges that carers can act in behalf of the individual with mental health condition, ethics regarding their participation in research studies remains debatable (Department of Health, 2009). Despite the possible ethical issues surrounding the study, investigators of this study used other means of evaluation to assess the participants’ responses to the interventions. For example, they used the Faces Scale (Sakamoto et al., 2013) to determine the emotions of the participants. A review of the study’s aims and objective shows that these were clearly presented in the beginning of the study. The introduction and review of literature also made excellent use of previous studies. It is also important to note the gaps in practice in recent studies were highlighted in the literature review section (Ellis, 2010). A good literature also argues why there is a need for the new study and how this could be applied to current healthcare practices (Ross, 2012). Methodology and methods used were also appropriate for the research question. Since the study aimed to determine the effectiveness of music therapy, it is appropriate that a RCT is used to compare music therapy with st andard care. Comparing music therapy with standard care is ethical (Ross, 2012) since all patients in the study received interventions. It would be unethical to withdraw treatment or assign participants to a control group that would receive no intervention (Crookes and Daives, 2004). The evaluation tools used to measure the responses of the patients were appropriate and have been previously validated and standardised. This was necessary to convey to the readers that validated measurement tools were used in the study (Moule and Goodman, 2009). A clear description of the research methods was presented. This would allow future researchers to replicate the present study (Oermann, 2010) and determine if similar findings could be observed. This also increases rigour of the study (Burns and Grove, 2013) since it is essential for other researchers to also test the hypothesis of the study and ensure that results are consistent across different healthcare settings. Results of the study were well presented and appropriate statistical tests were used. The discussion section of the study presented the strengths and limitations of the study. Polit et al. (2013) emphasise that presenting the limitations of a study will help inform other researchers on areas that need further improvement and presents areas for further research. Since weaknesses of the study were presented, readers and other healthcare practitioners can determine the extent in which the findings can be applied to current and future nursing practice (Burns and Grove, 2013) . The conclusion of the study succinctly captures the main points raised in the research study. This helped the researchers identify the main highlights of the study (Ellis, 2010). However, recommendations for other researchers and areas of improvement of the study were not cited. While the discussion section presented these limitations and areas for future studies, brief recommendations at the end of the study could have added rigour to the research study. Importantly, there were no conflicts of interest. This assured the readers that bias in reporting of data was reduced (Ellis, 2010). Findings of this study have important implications in nursing practice. All participants received either the passive or interactive music intervention while the control group received no music intervention. There was careful choice of music in the interactive group. For example, healthcare workers assigned to the interactive group helped investigators choose music for the patient participants. Music played during the intervention all had special meaning to the participants. All interventions were given individually for 30 minutes per session at once a week for 10 weeks. Those in the interactive group were allowed to clap, sing or interact with the music. Meanwhile, those in the passive group only listened to the music. The music chosen for the passive group also had special meaning to the participants. Those in the control group sat in silence for 30 minutes during the once a week session. Interestingly, findings show that music associated with special memories led to significant cha nges in the parasympathetic nervous system of the participants. Investigators note that music significantly increased relaxation of the individuals immediately after intervention when compared to baseline data. However, these were not noted in the control group. Significant changes were also seen on the emotional states of the participants in the interactive and passive music intervention groups. Music appeared to elicit pleasant emotional states. However, when passive and interactive groups were compared, the latter was significantly more relaxed following the music intervention. It should be noted that patients with severe dementia are more sensitive to environmental stimuli and may experience stress when placed in a new environment (Morris and Morris, 2010). Further, patients with cognitive impairments may express feelings of stress and fear through disruptive behaviour (Morris and Morris, 2010). The difficulty in verbalising their emotional needs could aggravate their responses to their surroundings (Department of Health, 2009). Hence, the st udy of Sakamoto et al. (2013) may have important implications in nursing care for patients in community settings. Nurses can encourage family members to play music that have special meaning to their loved ones suffering from dementia to illicit positive emotional states. The calming effect of music could be an advantage for patients cared in home or care settings since this would not only prevent stress but also allow patients to enjoy quality of life. Study 3: Dermot et al. (2014) A review of the study’s title shows that it also reflects the main aims and objectives of the study. Readers could easily understand that the study explored the experiences of individuals with dementia, their carers, staff and music therapists when music interventions are employed. The CASP (2013) tool for qualitative studies contains three screening questions that should be used to determine if a study is worth reviewing. The study of Dermot et al. (2014) suggests that music can help maintain the person’s interconnectedness and their quality of life. Findings have important implications in nursing practice since music intervention (Miller, 2009) is not costly and could yield positive results for patients suffering from early to advanced stages of dementia. Further review of the study shows that aims and objectives of the research were clearly stated. The main aim of the study was to explore the meaning of music in the lives of individuals suffering from dementia. Inves tigators of this study state that there is limited knowledge on why or how individuals find music beneficial to their wellbeing. Understanding the role of music according to the perceptions of the patients and their carers will help inform nursing practice on the relevance of music in the lives of people with dementia. A qualitative research methodology was appropriate for the study’s aims since the research aims to interpret the subjective experiences of individuals with dementia. Parahoo (2006) emphasises that a qualitative study allows researchers to explore the experiences and perceptions of individuals in more detail and depth. Since open-ended questions are used, investigators can use probing questions (Burns and Grove, 2013) to help participants articulate their experiences. One of the strengths of this study was the inclusion of participants’ family members, care home staff and music therapists. Individuals suffering from dementia were recruited from care homes and those living in the community. This allowed Dermot et al. (2014) to compare the perceptions of people with dementia living in care homes or in the community and determine if settings of the individuals impact their experiences with music therapy. Recruitment strategy employed was also appropriate for the research ai ms. There was also a clear explanation on the methods of data collection. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were done. In the former, this would allow researchers to investigate perceptions of participants in more detail (Parahoo, 2006). However, this requires more time to complete especially if there are many participants in a study. A focus group discussion, on the other hand, requires little resources and could be completed in one setting (Polit et al., 2013). However, if a dominant member would be included in a focus group discussion, interactions would be limited (Burns and Grove, 2013). This could be avoided with a facilitator who knows how to redirect the discussion to all members of the focus group. A stregnth of the study of Dermot et al. (2014) is the presentation of a rationalisation on why they used a combination of focus groups and in-depth interviews. It should also be noted that participants with dementia might display cognitive impairments, depending on the stage of their illness. Hence, requiring these patients to explain their experiences in more depth might be challenging. However, the investigators tried to mitigate this challenge by including carers of the patients as part of the study participants. Inclusion of carers could provide researchers with more detailed information on how music impacts the wellbeing and quality of life of the patients since these carers are more acquainted with the individuals suffering from dementia (Miranda-Castillo et al., 2010). It is also noteworthy that music therapy was individualised to the patients in the study. Thi s suggests that comparison of music therapy received by the patients was not done. Instead, investigators focused on the impact of music therapy on the patients’ wellbeing. In addition, the study did not take into account the differences in music interventions and whether this shaped the individual’s reaction to music therapy. Despite the differences in music intervention, it was common for the music therapists to use songs that were well-known to the patients. They also supported active music therapy with exploratory improvisation. Dermot et al. (2014), however, failed to explain what is exploratory improvisation or how this was done during music therapy. There was also an explanation on the content of the guides used for the in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. This was essential to demonstrate the coverage of the interview guides and whether each guide reflects the aims and objectives of the study (Moule and Goodman, 2009). However, the relationship between the researchers and the participants was not thoroughly discussed. If the participants knew the investigators, this might lead to potential bias especially if the researchers hold positions of power (Oermann, 2010). Despite this limitation, Dermot et al. (2014) emphasise that only one facilitator guided the focus group discussions. There were changes in the methods used during data collection. For instance, where a focus group discussion was initially decided, this was then changed to individual interviews in the second group of patients and healthcare workers. Dermot et al. (2014) explain that the severity of dementia of the patients was considered in the choice of d ata collection. In-depth interviews were used when patients had severe dementia. There were also sufficient details on how participants were recruited and whether ethical standards were observed. Polit et al. (2013) state that ethics in research is crucial to ensure that the rights of the participants were observed and they were not subjected to undue stress or negative experiences during data collection. Confidentiality was also observed in the study and all participants remained anonymous. Approval was also sought from an ethics board in the community settings. Data analysis of qualitative data could be extensive and time consuming (Parahoo, 2006). Informing readers how data was analysed would help increase the rigour of a qualitative study. Dermot et al. (2014) provided an in-depth description of how data was analysed. Thematic analysis was also used to present the main findings of the study. There was also a clear description on how categories and themes emerged. For instance, the long-table approach was used during analysis of data. Verbatim transcripts wer e used to support the main themes. This ensures validity and credibility of the main themes generated in the study (Polit et al., 2013). Contradictory data were also taken into account. The researchers also critically examined their own roles in the research process and the potential bias that might arise during analysis of research data. While respondent was not done, validity and credibility of the data were observed through constant comparison of categories and themes. More than one researcher was involved in the analysis of data. Professors and doctoral students of the Doctoral Programme in Music Therapy were also consulted during thematic analysis and were involved in identifying categories. Importantly, findings were discussed with reference to the original research question. A discussion was also made on the relevance of the study to dementia care. Findings of this study suggest that music is a medium that is readily accessible to patients with dementia. Many of the patients, their carers and healthcare staff admitted that music promotes mental stimulation and is an emotionally meaningful experience. Almost all participants also remarked that song lyrics with personal meanings helped patients remember their personal history. It is also perceived to reinforce personal and cultural identity. Music is also perceiv ed to promote connectedness and building and sustaining of relationships. In addition, music has immediate effects on the mood of the patients. Most of the staff members who participated in the focus group discussions remarked that agitation of the patients decreased as a result of music therapy. It is also shown to promote a relaxing environment in the care homes. On the other hand, listening to music in the lounge area could be challenging since care home residents might have different music preferences. Hence, it would be a challenge for healthcare workers to address all the music preferences of the patients. Since the study was qualitative, transferability of the findings to a larger and more heterogeneous population is impossible (Polit et al., 2013). However, other healthcare practitioners could use findings to help build a peaceful environment for patients suffering from dementia. A further review of the study also shows that the conclusion summarises the main points raised in the study and provides recommendations for other researchers to consider in similar studies in the future. Implications of Findings in Nursing Practice Findings of this literature review could be used to improve nursing practice when caring for patients with dementia. All three studies (Simmons-Stern et al., 2012; Sakamoto et al., 2013; Dermot et al., 2014) included in this literature review demonstrate the impact of music therapy on patients with dementia. Music therapy could improve health outcomes and quality of life of the patients from early to advanced stages of the disease. In the latter, patients who have difficulty communicating their needs, react positively to music therapy. Many of the patients with severe dementia show less agitation when exposed to music that was once relevant to them before they suffered from dementia. This suggests that music therapy could even not only promote positive mood of the patients but might even reconnect them to ‘who they are’ (Dermot et al., 2014). This holds important implications in nursing practice in community settings. Music therapy could be introduced to families caring for a loved one with dementia and could be used to calm the patient, reconnect with their family members and create an environment that is less stressful for the individual with dementia. The type of music therapy, however, will be dependent on the preferences of the individual (Sakamoto et al., 2013). This is consistent with patient-centred care (Department of Health, 2009) where patient preferences are considered when creating a care plan or introducing healthcare interventions. It is suggested that interactive music therapy (Simmons-Stern et al., 2012; Sakamoto et al., 2013) might be more effective than passive music therapy in improving memory and mood of the patients with dementia. As a community nurse, I need to be aware of the different non-pharmacologic interventions for people with dementia. I can use findings of this review when caring for patients suffering from dementia. Music therapy is relatively easy to carry out and entails very little cost. Importantly, it has positive short and long-term impacts on patient’s mood, memory and quality of life. Hence, considering this type of intervention could also help ease the burden of carers who provide care to these patients on a daily basis. I could use information from this literature when conducting patient education. I can inform my patients and their family members of the benefits of music therapy and the sustainability of this type of therapy over time. I can also encourage family members to consider music therapy to help alleviate the mood of the patients and provide a calm environment. Conclusion This literature review has shown the feasibility and promise of music therapy in promoting wellbeing, improving memory and quality of life of patients with dementia. As a community nurse, music therapy could be employed with the help of a music therapist in community settings. Families and carers could be taught on how to use this type of therapy to improve the mood of the patient or to calm the individual when agitated. This type of therapy holds some promise in long-term care for people with dementia. As shown in the review, individuals with severe dementia still have the ability to respond positively to music therapy. However, consideration should still be made on the applicability of the findings of the three studies to a larger and more heterogeneous population. All studies recruited a relatively small sample size that might not be representative of the experiences of a wider group of people with dementia. Although this limits applicability, findings can be tailored to the needs of individual patients. Considerations should also be made on the preferences of the patients and their family members on whether music therapy is acceptable to them. Since there is a need to practice patient-centred care, nurses have to determine if patients or their family members are willing to employ music therapy. It should ne noted that this literature review is only limited to reviewing three studies. Literature on the acceptability of music therapy was not evaluated. Despite this gap in the present literature review, the positive responses generated after music therapy should help patients and their family members consider music therapy. References Aveyard, H. (2014) Doing a literature review in health social care: A practical guide. 2nd ed. Berkshire: Open University Press. Baird, A. Samson, S. (2009) Memory for music in Alzheimer’s disease: unforgettableNeuropsychology Review. 19(1), p. 85–101. Brown, S. (2009) Evidence-based nursing: the research-practice connection. Sudbury Mass: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Burns, N. Grove, S. (2013) The practice of Nursing Research: Conduct. critique and utilisation. 7th ed., St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (2013) 10 questions to help you make sense of qualitative research. England: CASP. Crookes, P. Davies, S. (2004) Research into practice. Essential skills for reading and applying research in nursing and healthcare. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Bailliere Tindall. Cuddy, L. Duffin, J. (2005) Music, memory, and Alzheimer’s disease: is music recognition spared in dementia, and how can it be assessedMedical Hypotheses. 64(2), p. 229–235. Department of Health (2013a) Care in local communities: A new vision and model for district nursing. London: Department of Health. Department of Health (2013b) Improving care for people with dementia [Online]. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/improving-care-for-people-with-dementia (Accessed: 5 December, 2014). Department of Health (2009) Living Well with dementia: A National Dementia Strategy. London: Department of Health. Ellis, P. (2010) Understanding research for nursing students. Exeter: Learning Matters. Fornazzari, L, Castle, T. Nadkarni, S. (2006) Preservation of episodic musical memory in a pianist with Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 66(4), p. 610–611. Greenhalgh, T. (2010) How to read a paper: the basics of evidence-based medicine. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley and Sons. Hansen, V., Jorgensen, T. Ortenblad, L. (2006) Massage and touch for dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4, p. CD004989. Hek, G. Moule, P. (2011) Making sense of research. 4th ed. London: Sage. Long, A., Godfrey, M., Randall, T., Brettle, A. Grant, M. (2002) Developing evidence based social care policy and practice. Part 3: Feasibility of undertaking systematic reviews in social care. Leeds: Nuffield Institute for Health. McDermot, O., Orrell, M. Ridder, H. (2014) The importance of music for people with dementia: the perspectives of people with dementia, family carers, staff and music therapists. Aging Mental Health. 18(6), p. 706-716. Menard, M. Belleville, S. (2009) Musical and verbal memory in Alzheimer’s disease: a study of long-term and short-term memory. Brain and Cognition. 71(1), p. 38–45. Miller, C. (2009) Nursing for wellness in older adults. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Miranda-Castillo, C., Woods, B., Galboda, K., Oomman, S., Olojugba, C. Orrell, M. (2010) Unmet needs, quality of life and support networks of people with dementia living at home. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 8:132 doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-8-132. Morris, G. Morris, J. (2010) The dementia care workbook. London: McGraw-Hill International. Moule, P Goodman, M. (2009) Nursing Research: An Introduction, London: Sage Publishers. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2009) Depression: The treatment and management of depression in adults. London: NICE. Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2008) The Code: Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. London: NMC. Oermann, M. (2010) Writing for publication in nursing. 2nd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Parahoo, K. (2006) Nursing Research: Principles, Process and Issues. 2nd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Polit, D., Beck, C. Hungler, B. (2013) Essentials of nursing research, methods, appraisal and utilization. 8th ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Ross, T. (2012) A survival guide for health research methods. Maidenhead: OUP. Sakamoto, M., Ando, H. Tsutou, A. (2013) Comparing the effects of different individualized music interventions for elderly indivduals with severe dementia. International Psychogeriatrics. 25(5), p. 775-784. Simmons-Stern, N., Deason, R., Brandler, B., Frustace, B., O’Connor, M., Ally, B. Budson, A. (2012) Music-based memory enhancement in Alzheimer’s disease: promise and limitations. Neuropsychologia. 50(14), p. 3295-3303. Spector, A., Orrell, M. Woods B. (2010) Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST): effects on different areas of cognitive function for people with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 25(12), p. 1253–1258. Talbot, L. Verrinder, G. (2009) Promoting Health: The Primary Health Care Approach. Australia: Elsevier Australia. Teri, L., Gibbons, L., McCurry, S., Logsdon, R., Buchner, D., Barlow, W., Kukull, W., LaCroix, A. McCormick, W. Larson, E. (2003) Exercise plus behavioral management in patients with Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association. 290(15), p. 2015–2022. Vink, A., Birks, J., Bruinsma, M. Scholten, R (2004) Music therapy for people with dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4, p. CD003477. How to cite Research Methodology, Design and Process: Dementia Care, Essays

Consumer Protection free essay sample

Consumer protection laws are designed to ensure fair competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. The laws are designed to prevent businesses that engage in fraud or specified unfair practices from gaining an advantage over competitors and may provide additional protection for the weak and those unable to take care of themselves. Consumer Protection laws are a form of government regulation which aim to protect the interests of consumers. For example, a government may require businesses to disclose detailed information about products—particularly in areas where safety or public health is an issue, such as food. Consumer protection is linked to the idea of consumer rights (that consumers have various rights as consumers), and to the formation of consumer organizations which help consumers make better choices in the marketplace. Consumer is defined as someone who acquires goods or services for direct use or ownership rather than for resale or use in production and manufacturing. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Protection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [1] Consumer interests can also be protected by promoting competition in the markets which directly and indirectly serve consumers, consistent with economic efficiency, but this topic is treated in Competition law. Consumer protection can also be asserted via non-government organizations and individuals as consumer activism. Consumer law Consumer protection law or consumer law is considered an area of law that regulates private law relationships between individual consumers and the businesses that sell those goods and services. Consumer protection covers a wide range of topics, including but not necessarily limited to product liability, privacy rights, unfair business practices, fraud, misrepresentation, and other consumer/business interactions. Such laws deal with credit repair, debt repair, product safety, service and sales contracts, bill collector regulation, pricing, utility turnoffs, consolidation, personal loans that may lead to bankruptcy and much more. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 The Act enshrines all the consumers rights which are internationally accepted. As per the Act, the consumer protection councils have been established at Central, State and District levels to promote and protect the consumer rights. They are: * Right to Safety: To be protected against the sale of goods and services which are spurious/hazardous for the life. * Right to Information: To know the quality, quantity, weight and the price of goods/services being paid for, so that one is not cheated by unfair trade practices. * Right to Choose: To be assured, wherever possible, access to a variety of goods and services at competitive prices. * Right to be Heard: To be heard and to be assured that the interest would receive due consideration at appropriate fora. Right to Seek Redressal: To seek legal redressal against unfair or restrictive trade practices or exploitation. * Right to Consumer Education: To have access to consumer education. At present there are 35 State Commissions, one in each State/UT and 571 district forum besides the National Commission. The state governments are responsible to set up the district forum and the State Commissions. States have been empowered to establish additional District Forum an d also additional members in the State Commission to facilitate constituting benches and also for holding circuit benches. The Central Government is required to set up the National Commission. It has been empowered to appoint additional members to facilitate creation of more benches and holding of circuit benches. The second bench of the National Commission started functioning from 24 September 2003. The government is monitoring the disposal of cases by the consumer courts through National Commission. Since its inception and up to March 2004, 32,910 cases were filed out of which 24,974 cases disposed of in the National Commission. Similarly 3,01,485 cases were filed and 1,97,797 cases disposed of in the State Commissions and 18,86,236 cases were filed and 16,46,698 cases disposed of in the district forum. Overall 18,69,469 cases have been disposed of out of 22,20,631 cases filed with a remarkable disposal rate of 84. 2 per cent. The government has declared 24 December as National Consumer Day, since the President gave his assent on that day to the enactment of the historic Consumer Protection Act, 1986. Besides this, 15 March is observed as World Consumer Rights Day every year. .